「政治伊斯蘭」(Political Islam)或「伊斯蘭主義」（Islamism）在1980年代起，開始在媒體或是學術機構廣為使用。然而目前尚未有完整的定義與內涵，不同學者有其不同觀點與描述。最近在寫政治伊斯蘭理論架構，筆者僅將其視為一種分析工具，不帶有特別或主觀立場，分析當今伊斯蘭運動思潮與行為模式。
下列簡要整理出各學者對政治伊斯蘭的定義。
1. Joel Beinin & Joe Stork
Political Islam regard core concerns as
temporal and political. They (Muslim) use the Qur’an and Hadith and other
canonical religious texts to justify their stances and actions. And they do so
in all sincerity.
政治伊斯蘭關切的核心議題是政治性與世俗性的。穆斯林採用古蘭經與聖訓以及其他權威性教法判例，作為合理化其行為的依據。
2. James Piscatori
(1) Islamist are Muslims who are committed
to political action to implement what they regard as an Islamic agenda.
這些穆斯林奉獻於政治活動，執行他們所認為的伊斯蘭議題。
(2) This commitments implies a certain
measure of protest, demonstrated in a variety of ways, against the prevailing
political and social status quo and establishment.
(穆斯林)以各種方式，表達對當今政治與社會現狀的不滿。
3. Daniel Pipes:
Islamism is an ideology that demands man’s
complete adherence to the sacred law of Islam and rejects as much as possible
outside influence, with some exceptions. It is imbued with a deep antagonism
towards non-Muslims and has a particular hostility towards the West.
伊斯蘭主義是個意識形態，要求人完全遵守伊斯蘭教法，盡量拒絕受外在環境影響。伊斯蘭主義對非穆斯林有很深的敵對感，特別對西方不友善。
4. Graham E. Fuller
Islamism: an Islamist believes that Islam
as a body of faith has something important to say about how politics and
society should be ordered in the contemporary Muslim world and seeks to implement
this idea in some fashion.
伊斯蘭份子相信伊斯蘭是信仰體系，在當代穆斯林社會中，政治與社會受此規範，並尋求理念的實現。
5. Peter Manaville
Islamism refer to forms of political theory
and practice that have as their goal the establishment of an Islamic political
order in the sense of a state whose government principles, institutions, and
legal system derive directly from the shariah.
伊斯蘭主義指一種政治理論與慣例，其目標是建立伊斯蘭政治秩序。國家原則、政府機關與司法系統皆來自於伊斯蘭法。
6. Ali R. Abootalebi
Islamism believes Islamic tents are
compatible with such modern values as freedom and democracy. Islamism more
accurately describes their forward-looking, interpretive and often even
innovative attempts to reconstruct the social order.
伊斯蘭主義相信伊斯蘭信條與自由民主等現代性概念不相違背。伊斯蘭主義更精確描述其前瞻性，甚至以更創新的方式重建社會秩序。
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